Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Alcoholism and Addiction

Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Alcoholism and Addiction Addiction Coping and Recovery Overcoming Addiction Print How Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) Is Used to Treat Addiction By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on March 04, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on May 03, 2019 Ned Frisk / Getty Images More in Addiction Coping and Recovery Overcoming Addiction Methods and Support Personal Stories Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use In This Article Table of Contents Expand What It Is Components Duration of Treatment Effectiveness View All Back To Top Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) is commonly used to treat depression, anxiety disorders, phobias, and other mental disorders. Yet, it has also been shown to be valuable in treating alcoholism and drug addiction. This is especially true when its part of an overall program of recovery. Cognitive-behavioral coping skills treatment is a short-term, focused therapeutic approach to helping drug-dependent people become abstinent. It does so by using the same learning processes you used to develop alcohol and drug dependence in the first place. What It Is Cognitive behavior therapy is based on the idea that feelings and behaviors are caused by a persons thoughts, not on outside stimuli like people, situations, and events. While you may not be able to change your circumstances, you can change how you think about them. According to cognitive behavior therapists, this helps you change how you feel and behave. In the treatment of alcohol and drug dependence, the goal of CBT is to: Teach the person to recognize situations in which they are most likely to drink or use drugs.Avoid these circumstances if possible.Cope with other problems and behaviors which may lead to their substance abuse. Other Approaches to CBT According to the National Association of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapists, there are several approaches to CBT. This includes  rational emotive behavior therapy, rational behavior therapy, rational living therapy, cognitive therapy, and dialectic behavior therapy. Components In its use to treat alcohol and drug dependent individuals, CBT has two main components: functional analysis and skills training. Functional Analysis: Working together, the therapist and individual try to identify the thoughts, feelings, and circumstances that led to and followed drinking or using. This helps determine the risks that are likely to lead to a relapse. Functional analysis can also give insight into why they drink or use drugs in the first place. This helps identify situations in which the person has coping difficulties. Skills Training: If someone is at the point where they need professional treatment for their addiction, chances are they are using alcohol or drugs  as their main means of coping with problems. The goal of CBT is to get the person to learn or relearn better-coping skills. The therapist tries to help the individual unlearn old habits and learn to develop healthier skills and habits. The main goal is to educate them about ways to change how they think about their substance abuse. Then they can learn new ways to cope with the situations and circumstances that led to their drinking or drugging episodes in the past. Duration of Treatment Because cognitive behavior therapy is a structured, goal-oriented educational process focused on immediate problems, the process is usually short-term. Although other forms of therapy and psychoanalysis can take years, CBT is usually completed in 12 to 16 sessions with the therapist. Effectiveness According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, more than 24 randomized controlled trials have been conducted among users of tobacco, alcohol, cocaine, marijuana, opiates, and other types of substances. This makes cognitive-behavioral treatments one of the most frequently evaluated psychosocial approaches to treating substance use disorders. In these studies, CBT has been shown most effective when compared with having no other treatment at all. When compared with other treatment approaches, studies have had mixed results. Some show CBT to be more effective while others show it to be of equal, but not greater, effectiveness than other treatments. As with other treatments for alcoholism and drug abuse, including pharmaceutical treatments,  cognitive behavior therapy works best when combined with other recovery efforts. This includes participation in support groups like Alcoholics Anonymous or Narcotics Anonymous. In short, behavior cognitive therapy works well for some, but not for everyone. This is the case with all alcoholism and drug treatment approaches  because every person deals with and recovers from addiction in a different way. The 9 Best Online Therapy Programs

How Opponents to Gay Marriage Offer Illusory Arguments

How Opponent to Gay Marriage offer Illusory Arguments The book The Invisible Gorilla: How Our Intuitions Deceive Us by Chabris and Simons truly makes a strong case for how six different types of illusions (or beliefs) truly disserve the human population. The six common illusions that the book discusses are the illusion of memory, the illusion of confidence, the illusion of knowledge, the illusion of cause and the illusion of potential. Chabris and Simon argue that one can see these illusions at work in a range of human interactions and current events. Sometimes these illusions demonstrate the fallibility of the human mind; sometimes they just demonstrate the need of human beings to impose meaning or order upon things or events which lack both. A current issue that demonstrates several of the six illusions that Chabris and Simons discuss is the debate over gay marriage. Those who oppose gay marriage often demonstrate an argument which is full of illusory and shoddy ideas. For example, one of the main arguments against gay marriage is that allowing homosexuals to marry will destroy the institution of marriage. This demonstrates the illusion of cause. The illusion of cause arises when we see patterns in randomness, and we are most likely to see patterns when we think we understand what is causing them (Chabris Simons, p.155). The work of Stanley Kurtz tried to prove that allowing same-sex marriage in Denmark, Norway and Sweden decreased the rate of heterosexual marriageShow MoreRelated Religious Influences in Government Policy Essay2204 Words   |  9 Pagesreal distress and the protest against real distress. Religion is the sigh of the oppressed creature, the heart of a heartless world, just as it is the spirit of a spirit less situation. It is the opium of the people. The abolition of religion as the illusory happiness of the people is required for their real happiness. 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The New Jim Crow Mass Incarceration During The Age Of...

In the new proactive book, The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness, Michelle Alexander dives into the not so complicated racial issues that plague this country that we tend to ignore. In all of history, African Americans have had to constantly fight for their freedoms and the right to be considered a human being in this society. It’s very troubling looking back and seeing where we have failed people in this country. At the turn of the century, when people began to think that we had left our old ways behind, this book reminds us that we are wrong. Racism is still alive today in every way, just in different forms. The politicians of America like to hide or mask this new form of racism and control by a way that we†¦show more content†¦We approximately have 5 percent of the nation’s population, but we have over  ¼ of the world’s prisoners. This number is still increasing at an alarming rate. Since the 1980’s the prison population has increased to 2.2 million men and women. In all of the world, we are the leaders in incarceration. Most of the people being arrested and charged are for drug related offenses. This significant increase in prisoners is due to the War on Drugs started by Ronald Regan. Alexander claims that the sole reason that the war on drugs was started was to maintain the racist nature that faces America. Alexander realizes that even though the Jim Crow Laws were eradicated, we have just reshaped the ways in which we decide to ruin lives. As the old adage says, â€Å"The more things change, the more they remain the same†. I think to a certain point Americans need to have reassurance that things really are changing and here’s where Jim Crow ends, but in the background the powerful people in this country had to come up with a new plan to feed their racist nature. One politician after another want to show how tough they can be on drugs. Each wanting to be stronger than the other. They didn’t care who they were hurting on the bottom, as long as they looked extra tough. The main race being incarcerated and targeted is African Americans. For years, poor neighborhoods have been targeted by police, whose main purpose was to find drugs by any means

George Orwell’s Animal Farm Free Essays

In the allegorical novel â€Å"Animal Farm†, author George Orwell reminds us how power can corrupt an individual. â€Å"Animal Farm† tells us about the rebellion of animals against humans. The rebellion is a great success and pigs, being the most intelligent animals, take control. We will write a custom essay sample on George Orwell’s Animal Farm or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, as time goes on, life for the other animals becomes worse while the pigs prosper. Orwell based this book on Russian communism and used Stalin as prototype for Napoleon. He also tries to demonstrate that once a person has complete power, that individual will become corrupt and will do anything in order to maintain it. Orwell wanted this novel to be a warning for future societies. An example of that is seen in the character Napoleon who slaughters any animal who openly opposes him. He also uses different methods of psychological manipulation and physical threats to maintain his hierarchy of leadership. Napoleon attempts to maintain his power by threatening animals physically, even slaughtering them. For instance, he slaughtered four pigs that opposed him when he abolished the Sunday Meetings. Napoleon killed them using his dogs because they questioning and criticizing his decisions and leadership. If that continued, other animals would start to analyse the situation and come to the conclusion that Napoleon was in fact a poor and corrupted leader. Napoleon could not let this happen, so he murdered the pigs because they confessed that they had been secretly in touch with Snowball ever since the expulsion, that they had collaborated with him in destroying the windmill, and that they had entered into an agreement with him to hand over Animal Farm to Mr Frederick†. Napoleon also murdered three hens (that had been the ringleaders in the attempted rebellion over the eggs) after they stated that Snowball had appeared to them in a dream and incited them to disobey Napoleon’s orders†. However, it is obvious that Napoleon simply decided to get rid of all opposition. Mass murder was not the only physical threat used by Napoleon. At one point in the novel, hens did not wish to give up their eggs to Napoleon, so he cut off their food supply. Napoleon starved the hens because they opposed him, just like the pigs. Orwell tries to show us that once a dictator gains power, he will not accept any criticism or opposition and will simply murder whoever questions his leadership. For example, a Chilean dictator called Augusto Pinochet murdered over forty thousand people during his first month of power simply because they questioned his decisions. But, Napoleon could not always go to extreme measures such as executing the opposition so he employed Squealor to persuade animals through rhetoric. For example, Squealer, Napoleon’s right hand, made up a statistic that animals had more oats, more hay and more turnips than they had had in Jones’s day. They also worked shorter hours, had better quality drinking water, lived longer, saw an increased number of their young ones survive infancy, had more straw in their stalls and suffered less from fleas†. In combination with complete isolation from other farms, other animals could not prove Squealer wrong so they believed that they actually had a much better life than other farms. In reality, the animals had even lower food rations than those living on other farms. Napoleon also encourages other animals to use Boxer’s slogans such as â€Å"Napoleon is Always Right† and â€Å"I Will Work Harder†Ã¢â‚¬ . Boxer is very loyal to Napoleon due to his low intelligence but he is respected by other animals because of his strength and stubbornness. Napoleon knows that animals will listen to Boxer and try to work as hard as Boxer. In this case, Orwell tries to show that dictators carefully control the flow of information and simply block anything that could potentially harm them (a contemporary example is the Chinese government blocking web-sites such as YouTube because they sometimes contain information that the government deems to be inappropriate). However, making up statistics would not be enough to control the animals so Napoleon used patriotic songs and the seven commandments in order to manipulate the animals. He attempted to make the other animals believe that he was the wisest, kindest leader they had. He did it by replacing â€Å"Beasts of England† â€Å"with â€Å"Comrade Napoleon†Ã¢â‚¬ , a song that contains lyrics such as â€Å"Full belly twice a day, clean straw to roll upon; Every beast big and small sleeps at peace in his stall, thou watchest over all, Comrade Napoleon! This song helps Napoleon maintain his leadership as the animals believe every word it says. Another example of biasing the truth is when Squealer explains why pigs take apples and milk. He justifies it by saying â€Å"Milk and apples contain substances absolutely necessary to the well-being of a pig. We pigs are brain-workers. The whole management and organization of this farm depends on us. Day and night we are watching over your welfare. It is for YOUR sake that we drink that milk and eat those apples. Do you know what would happen if we pigs failed in our duty? Jones would come back! Yes, Jones would come back! â€Å"† Squealer confuses animals with words such as â€Å"substances absolutely necessary to the well-being of a pig † and then acts on the fear of the fact that Jones may come back, although in reality Jones was on the other end of the country. Dictators such as Stalin justified their actions using reasons similar to Squealer’s. These reasons were similar in a way that they acted on people’s fears, causing them to believe everything Stalin said. Orwell’s novel is based on Russian communism and it criticizes the decisions and methods used by Stalin using Napoleon as a representation of him. However, Orwell also tries to warn future generations. Orwell wanted to show what the future would look like if nobody ever questioned their leaders. He wanted to show that once a person obtained great power, he could become corrupt and a many people would suffer because of it. People need to speak their mind, criticize and question everything their government says, otherwise leaders will not care about their people. But, at some point, people may get tired of totalitarianism and they will rebel against their leaders, just like people did in Egypt. One last thing that Orwell wanted to show is how much propaganda can influence people and how hard it can be to regain freedom of speech using examples of the mass executions of animals and the fact that nobody â€Å"dared to speak his mind â€Å"after this mass slaughter. â€Å" How to cite George Orwell’s Animal Farm, Essay examples

Is Sport Too Closely Linked to Money These Days Essay Example

Is Sport Too Closely Linked to Money These Days? Essay Hell yeah it is! Look at this world we live in, everything, and I mean EVERYTHING is linked to money, and that does not exclude sports. Sports is very general term and to play any sport, one must think of the cost of it. Not anyone can play any sport they wish and that defeats the purpose that sports should be available for everyone. For example, unless you stay in a private residence that has a swimming pool or you decide to swim in the sea, a simple swim at the swimming complex could cost a few dollars. Unless you stay in a private residence that is equipped with a gym, working out at the gym would cost you a few hundred a year maybe and you might just have to sign up for membership. If one were to go and play golf, the cost would blow you away. However, this sports I mentioned are probably the higher expense kind of sports. Others such as playing basketball, soccer or a jog in the park would be free once you can find the venue to play it. Sometimes people refuse to play sports just because of the cost incurred to enjoy them. We will write a custom essay sample on Is Sport Too Closely Linked to Money These Days? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Is Sport Too Closely Linked to Money These Days? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Is Sport Too Closely Linked to Money These Days? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Especially with us living in the buzzling city with no time to waste, it somehow gives us a even better reason to not play sports. Another good example would be the Olympics held once every four years. Compared to the past, the Olympic Games held today cost a bomb just to make the event a large scale one. Increasing number of countries from all over the globe participate in this event, sending their best atheletes at hand. The sponsorships to make this event successful and the money spent by spectators to fly there just to WATCH the event cost a fortune. According to wikipedia on Modern Olympics, â€Å"The Olympics are one of the largest media events. The growth of the Olympics is one of the largest problems the Olympics face today. Although allowing professional athletes and attracting sponsorships from major international companies solves the financial problems in the 1980s, the large number of athletes, media and spectators makes it difficult and expensive for host cities to organise the Olympics†. That emphasizes my point that money is indeed too closely linked with sports. In fact, money is too closely linked to any existing thing in the world.

The eNotes Blog Ten Books Recycled forArt

Ten Books Recycled forArt These artists give books a second life as beautiful works of art, converting everything from outdated computing books to childrens classics into visual masterpieces, all using little more than a scalpel and some imagination. In no particular order (theyre too awesome to rank) here are ten artworks created from old books: Pandora Opens Box by Sue Blackwell. It is the delicacy, the slight feeling of claustrophobia, as if these characters, the landscape have been trapped inside the book all this time and are now suddenly released. A number of the compositions have an urgency about them, the choices made for the cut-out people from the illustrations seem to lean towards people on their way somewhere, about to discover something, or perhaps escaping from something. And the landscapes speak of a bleak mystery, a rising, an awareness of the air. A landscape created out of cut up paper by Scottish artist Georgia Russell. One of the masterfully crafted book landscapes from Canadian interdisciplinary artist (and part time anthropologist)  Guy Laramà ©e. We are currently told that the paper book is bound to die. The library, as a place, is finished. One might ask so what? Do we really believe that â€Å"new technologies† will change anything concerning our existential dilemma, our human condition? And even if we could change the content of all the books on earth, would this change anything in relation to the domination of analytical knowledge over intuitive knowledge? What is it in ourselves that insists on grabbing, on casting the flow of experience into concepts? Almost like a dissection taken from the medical textbooks its artist carves into, this sculpture comes from The Book Surgeon, aka American artist Brian Dettmer Another of Dettmers pieces. His focus is on scientific and medical texts, lending his artwork an intellectual precision as well as a technical one. An ink illustration by Australian artist Loul Jover, painted onto a school Science book. Maskull Laserre took a handful of obsolete computing books as material for his carved skull above. Perhaps some commentary on the swift mortality of our technology? Probably just because skulls look pretty damn cool. Kaleidoscope, a photograph by artist Cara Barer. From the press release: â€Å"In an age of when the Internet is quickly becoming the primary source of information, Barer’s photographs act as a lament for the passing of an era when books were considered a pathway to knowledge.† Another incredibly intricate piece from Sue Blackwell, whose work is too good not to reference twice in this list. This one, The Baron in the Trees (adapted from the novel of the same name), has amazing detail in the tiny clothes line and umbrella hanging from the forest canopy. The artist writes of her work, Paper has been used for communication since its invention; either between humans or in an attempt to communicate with the spirit world. I employ this delicate, accessible medium and use irreversible, destructive processes to reflect on the precariousness of the world we inhabit and the fragility of our life, dreams and ambitions. And lastly, a work you can actually own! The above piece by book sculptor Kelly Campbell Berry was one sold over her Etsy online store. Find more of her adaptations of childrens books here. Featured image from Unsplash

How-to prepare for a literature review

How-to prepare for a literature review How-to prepare for a literature review Definition of literature review A literature review provides a general idea of the amount of publication on a certain topic that has been written by credible professors and researchers. The literature review can either be an initial step of a research project, a chapter in a thesis or a stand-alone assignment. A literature review comprises: A synopsis of your research topic and precise statement of the objectives of your research A thesis of the main ideas and concepts of your topic A detailed analysis of the resources you find. For instance, you can point out if the topic you are researching on is not supported by scholars or it is controversial in any way. Steps on preparing your literature review Ensure that you understand the topic and the research objective very well. By this, it means you need to know the scope of your literature review. 1. Conduct your research Conduct a thorough research on the topic; alternatively, you can have sort of a plan. A perfect way of doing this is by looking for significant and all-encompassing sources first and then work on them. For topics about sciences and art, beginning with resources that contain an overview of your research topic is a perfect idea. For technical disciplines such as psychology, find out if there are systematic reviews or meta-analysis on the subject you want to research about. For you to see if your review aligns itself with the other aspects you have read, go through the literature review sections of other sources. Lastly, search for more controversial or most recent research on your topic. This kind of information can be extracted from journal articles. 2. Use an extensive variety of resources Depending on journal articles and books alone on your research will not be of much assistance. Your prof will provide the details on their expectations; however, while researching, ensure that you do not miss out important research by just using one type of resource. 3. Evaluating the resources Once you have found the research you will be using, evaluate them. While evaluating, the materials that should be included must provide substantial and reliable information on your topic. Once more, for almost all the literature review, you are not supposed to write about every resource you come across, but only the fundamental discoveries or major assumptions about the topic. 4. Analyze your research For you to provide a comprehensive account of unknown and known things in your literature review, search for the most important points and common themes about your topic. On top of that, you may mention the areas of controversy in the literature. In a situation where your literature review is supposed to include an argument, utilize enough time to look for evidence so that you can support this argument. Write your literature review While writing your literature review, ensure that you are clear on instructions provided in your assignment. Find out what the instructions states, do you prove something or argue. You can organize your literature review in the following ways: By methodology By theme Sequence of importance Various perspective Chronologically is one of the companies that offer excellent dissertation and thesis services in Canada. For more information about dissertation and thesis services do not hesitate to